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Civil Aviation Act 1982

Sets out duties, functions and objectives of the Civil Aviation Authority. Deals with aerodromes, the regulation of civil aviation and the design, construction and maintenance of aircraft. Protects aircraft operators against trespass and nuisance claims whilst engaged in ‘normal flight’. Section 76 imposes a strict liability in respect of loss or damage on water or land when an article, person or animal is caused to fall from an aircraft during flight, take-off or landing. The loss is recoverable from the aircraft operator.

Civil Aviation Authority (CAA)

Operates under the Civil Aviation Act 1982 (amended 1996). Responsibilities include air safety and registration of aircraft. Issues Air Operators Certificates to those who can demonstrate their competence to run an aircraft safely and show that they are adequately financed and insured for passenger and third party risks. CAA collaborates internationally on air safety.

Civil commotion

UK: A risk excluded under the standard fire policy and other property insurances along with riot and similar perils. It means the severe and prolonged disturbances by people ‘out of hand’. Civil commotion is an intermediate state between a riot and civil war. An element of turbulence or tumult is essential. Riot and civil commotion can be insured as additional perils. The insurer imposes strict time limits for the notification of claims.
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Damages by riot or civil commotion or caused maliciously by strikers or persons acting in connection with political organization. Civil commotion is disturbance between large number of individuals in a community frequently associated with damage to private and public property.
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One of the extended coverage perils, paired with the peril riot, that refers to a less widespread or generalized event than riot might be thought to encompass.

Civil engineering

The design and construction of roads, railways, bridges, aqueducts, canals, ports, harbours, moles, breakwaters, lighthouses and drainage works. The term originated in the distinction between these engineering activities and those associated with military operations, e.g. fortification, ordnance, etc. The General Conditions of Contract for Civil Engineering Construction include insurance obligations.

Civil Engineering Completed Risks Insurance (CECR) for Engineering Insurance

Policy to cover unforeseen and sudden physical loss or damage to civil engineering completed projects viz., Bridges, Dry docks, Harbors, Jetties, Railway lines, Runways, Water Pipelines, Canals, Irrigation system, Tunnels, Water reservoirs, Rock Filled dams. CECR is a named perils policy. It covers the insured against any unforeseen and sudden physical loss or damage necessitating repair or replacement caused by (a) Impact of land borne or waterborne vehicles or aircrafts or articles dropped therefrom (b) Earthquake, volcanism, tsunami, (c) Storm (air movements stronger than Grade 8 on the Beaufort Scale) (d) Flood or inundation (e) Subsidence, landslide, rockslide or any other earth movement (f) Frost, avalanche, ice, snow (g) Vandalism of individual persons (h) Fire, lightning, explosion. Also, additional perils can be included by endorsement depending on the location and type of risk involved e.g., bush fire. The property must be insured at new replacement value including removal of debris. Period of insurance one year.

Civil Law

(1) A legal system derived from Roman Law, in which most of the law is expressed in codes of law (2) The national or municipal law of a State in contrast with Public International Law, (3) The laws of a country excluding some field of fields of law such as criminal or military law or in some countries administrative law, ecclesiastical law or commercial law.

Civil Liability (Contribution Act) 1978

Replaces and extends the Law Reform (Married Women and Tortfeasors) Act 1935 which abolished the common law rule that a judgment in favour of a claimant against one of a number of joint tortfeasors barred subsequent proceedings against the others. The 1978 Act gives a tortfeasor the right to secure a contribution from other tortfeasors where the legal basis of their respective liabilities lies in tort, breach of contract, breach of trust or otherwise. The Act also abolished the rule that if the claimant’s action against one tortfeasor succeeded the damages awarded set a limit for any subsequent actions against other defendants.