External audit

Review done after claims of medical and financial records have been submitted by an insurance company or Medicare representative to investigate suspected fraudulent and abusive billing practices (retrospective review).

External dependencies

Risks attaching to a business as a result of dependencies on supplies from, or sales to, outside enitities. Loss of trade may be due to occurrences, e.g. fires, at the premises of customers and/or suppliers. Risk man agement involves a scrutiny of external dependencies and internal dependencies. Business interruption policies can extend to cover loss of trade due to damage occurring at the premises of customers and/or suppliers, utility suppliers, loss of attraction, etc.

External means

Bodily injury, for personal accident policy purposes, must, inter alia, be caused by ‘external and visible’ means. This is to make it clear that the bodily injury must be due to some outside event clearly visible as distinct from internal physical defects – the words are used as the antithesis of ‘internal means. Exceptions to this strict meaning arise in connection with the inhalation of gas or the accidental taking of poison.