Entity that assumes the risk of paying for medical treatments and acts as an insurer for enrolled members under a fee-for-service or capitation system (i.e., insurance company, self-insured employer, group health plan, or managed care plan).

Set of standard performance measurements developed in 1989, 1993, and 1995 by the National Committee for Quality Assurance. It helps consumers, corporations, employers, and public purchasers of health care compare and determine the quality and value of managed care plans. HEDIS standardizes how health plans examine and report data including: quality of access to care, patient satisfaction, preventive medicine, membership and utilization, finance, and descriptive data on health plan management.

Region based on a population per physician ratio. Three types of HPSAs are primary medical care, dental, and mental health. Physicians who perform services in HPSA areas receive incentive payments (also known as a bonus payment program ). When billing, they must indicate their services were provided in an incentive-eligible HPSA by using a modifier. HPSAs replaced health manpower shortage areas (HMSAs).

Types of medical advertisements to help change behaviors that improve health and prevent disease such as those that influence self-care and lifestyle modifications. Promotions can appear as health information, education, diagnostic screening, and health care interventions.