Professional alliance of individuals who are organized to improve financial management of health care institutions and related health care organizations and do the following: (1) Foster and increase knowledge of and proficiency in financial management; (2) Conduct and participate in educational programs and activities concerning financial management; (3) Provide media for the interchange of ideas and dissemination of material relative to financial management; (4) Strengthen cooperation among individuals of varying disciplines in financial management; (5) Develop curricula and financial management supporting material for use by educational institutions; (6) Cooperate with health care institutions and related health care organizations and agencies, as well as other interested groups in matters pertaining to financial management; (7) Establish and promulgate principles relative to financial management; (8) Promote and encourage financial management standards of performance for individuals and institutions in the various areas of financial management; and (9) Undertake research in financial management related to these objectives.

Created by the American National Standards Institute’s Executive Standards Council in December 1995 to replace the Health Informatics Standards Planning Panel (HISPP). Their basic objective is to achieve a high level of support of the health care users, providers, and business partners for development and use of health care information standards in a cooperative environment. HISB developed an inventory of candidate standards for consideration as possible Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) standards. In this forum, American health care providers, information systems vendors, organized users, and interested parties work together with Standards Development Organizations (e.g., Health Level 7, American Society for Testing and Materials, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.) to resolve the many issues around harmonizing and coordinating standards evolution.

Association focused on providing leadership for the optimal use of health care information technology and management systems for the betterment of human health. Founded in 1961 with offices in Chicago, Washington, D.C., and other locations across the country.

National health care fraud and abuse data bank created by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996. Its information includes actions reported against health care providers, suppliers, and practitioners for fraud and abuse. The HIPDB is used with the national practitioner data bank (NPDB).

Second level of the appeal process for an individual applying for SSDI or SSI. This is a hearing before an administrative law judge who had no part in the initial or reconsideration disability determination.

In the Medicare program, this is Level 2, an independent determination related to insurance claims in which a party has appealed a review decision within 6 months of the date of notice of the decision; the hearing is rendered by a hearing officer assigned by the contractor. For Level 2, there is no requirement regarding the amount of money in controversy.

Frequency with which the heart beats, calculated by counting the number of QRS complexes or ventricular beats in one minute.