Goods which are liable to damage from sharp blows on the container as well as goods which are not light in weight may well travel belter in wooden boxes or cases. A wooden box is strong and in many ways the most convenient packing for many commodities provided the wood is of appropriate quality, thickness and correct moisture content. It is also necessary for the shipper to ensure that the wood used is reasonable free of “knots” and is not badly cross grained.

A crate is essentially a wooden frame-work to house the equipment. There are two general type of crates: the open ones and fully covered ones. The open crate can be used where the contents are inherently strong and packing is required primarily to facilitate handling and stowage. For closed crates, a strong framework should be provided to support the lining and flooring when a heavy item is contained in it, e.g. machinery.

Padding is found when injuries or damages are exaggerated to increase a claim’s value. It is what has been called “an insidious type of fraud difficult to detect and often considered harmless by insureds, claimants, police, and prosecutors.”

An insurance policy for which the prospective insured has filled out and signed the application, submitted a premium payment, and undergone the medical exam.

Under a health plan, the amounts paid to health care providers.

Amounts paid to providers based on the health plan.

Paid claims divided by total premiums.

A ratio calculated as paid claims divided by total premiums.

Insurance for which the premium has been paid.

The amount paid for the stock sold by a corporation.