A Protocol to the 1969 CLC, the International Convention for Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage. Makes shipowners strictly liable for oil pollution damage caused by tanker spills of persistent oil. Tonnage is used to calculate liability. CLC establishes mandatory insurance and makes direct claims against the insurer possible. The 1992 Fund supplements it (the IOPC 1992 Fund). Non-tanker bunkers are subject to the International Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage 2001.
Also see the MERCHANT SHIPPING (SALVAGE AND POLLUTION) ACT OF 1994 and the POLLUTION CLAUSE.