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General anesthesia

Absence of consciousness brought on by various anesthetic medications administered by inhalation or intravenous injection. General anesthesia can be administered only by an anesthesiologist, anesthesia assistant, or a certified registered nurse anesthetist.

General average

A loss that arises from the reasonable sacrifice at a time of peril of any part of a ship or its cargo for the purpose of preserving the ship and the remainder of its cargo together with any expenditure made for the same purpose. An example of a general average loss would include jettisoning cargo to keep a ship afloat and an example of general average expenditure would include towing a stricken vessel into port. An average adjuster calculates the value of each saved interest to each interested party which is then obliged to contribute towards the general average loss or expenditure proportionately. Subject to the terms of the policy, insurance will generally only apply if the loss was incurred to avoid or in connection with the avoidance of an insured peril.
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A principle of maritime law according to which the owners of ship and cargo share in a loss incurred voluntarily to save the whole in an emergency. For example, cargo may be jettisoned in order to save the ship and remaining cargo during a storm. All participants share in the loss for the good of the whole. See also Average and Particular average.
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A term usually used in marine insurance to describe a partial loss that was sustained in order to avoid irreparable damage to the entire undertaking.
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A voluntary sacrifice by the master of a ship of all or part of an interest in a marine venture for the purpose of saving the remainder of the venture. Damage and expenses purposely incurred for the common safety of the vessel, freight and cargo interests. General averages are paid by the several interests in the proportion of their respective values exposed to the common danger including the interest of the party whose property or interest is intentionally sacrificed. For example, if it is necessary to jettison cargo to save a ship, the owners of the ship and the rest of the cargo that is saved will share in the loss of the goods that were intentionally sacrificed.

General average (GA)

Loss through voluntary sacrifice of any part of the ship or cargo, or an expenditure to safeguard the ship and remaining cargo from imminent threat. General average losses include jettison, discharging cargo to refloat a ship, etc. A general average expense may occur when a ship is towed to port. An average adjuster works out the value of each ‘saved interest’ who then make general average contributions, proportionately, to the expenditure and the ‘sacrificed losses. Insurance applies to general average if incurred to avoid an insured peril. See GENERAL AVERAGE ADJUSTMENT; GENERAL AVERAGE AGREEMENT; GENERAL AVERAGE BOND; GENERAL AVERAGE EXPENDITURE; GENERAL AVERAGE FUND.

General average adjustment

Adjustment of a general average loss usually carried out by an average adjuster appointed by the shipowner. A statement of losses, values and proportionate contributions is prepared. The cost of the adjustment is part of the general average.
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A statement of losses, values and proportionate contributions prepared by an average adjuster nominated by the ship owner for the purpose of adjusting a general average loss.

General average agreement

Same as GENERAL AVERAGE BOND.
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When a general average occurs the carrier has a lien on the cargo to secure the consignee’s contribution. To remove this the consignee must deposit money or provide an insurer’s guarantee. Collaterally the consignee must execute a general average agreement (or average bond) undertaking to abide by the decision of the average adjuster and to accept liability for the general average contribution.

General average bond

Document required of cargo owners, after a general average loss, obtaining their agreement to pay any contribution that may become due. The bond, additional to the general average deposit, secures release of the goods. It authorises the shipowner to draw on the funds to defray any general average disbursements. The cargo owner obtains a general average guarantee from his cargo insurer who agrees to meet the insured’s general average contribution.

General Average Clause

A clause in ocean marine insurance that requires ship and freight interests other than the insured to respond to losses suffered by the insured interest when those losses result from voluntary, necessary and successful sacrifice of the insured’s freight because of shipping peril.