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General average expenditure

Expenditure, also called general average disbursements, incurred by a shipowner in connection with a general average act, e.g. hire of a tug to tow a stricken vessel to a port of refuge. Any damage to cargo during the operation is general average sacrifice. Port of refuge expenses are the most common form of general average expenditure and are recoverable from the general average fund. The hull insurer is not directly liable for these expenses. They are included in the final general average adjustment and incorporated in the general average contribution payable by the insurer in so far as it is recoverable under the policy.
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Expenditure incurred by a ship owner in connection with a general average act e.g., the hire of a tug to pull a vessel off a strand.

General Average for Loss

This is an extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure voluntarily and reasonably made at the time of common peril. All interests have to contribute to General Average. So far as cargo is concerned, the position is as follows: (a) If cargo is sacrificed, the owners of cargo can claim directly from their Insurers for the loss. (b) The owners of cargo saved can claim directly, from their Insurers, for their liability to “contribute” for general average losses. Both the above are subject to the cause of general average being an insured peril.

General average fund

The accumulated general average deposits that are available for general average expenditure and, in due cou se, payment of the contributions.
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A fund collected jointly by a ship owner and his average adjuster consisting of general average deposits and available for the payment of general average expenditure, and eventually, of contributions.

General average loss

Sacrifice or expenditure directly consequent upon a general average act. Unless specifically agreed the insurer is not liable for any general average loss where the loss was not curred for the express purpose of avoiding an insured peril or in connection with the avoidance of such a peril (Marine Insurance Act 1906, s.66(6)). See GENERAL AVERAGE.

General average sacrifice

UK: Property sacrificed for the common safety of the maritime adventure. The owner of sacrificed cargo may claim directly against his insurer under the Institute Cargo Clauses, or, after completion of the voyage, seek general average contributions from the ‘saved interests. See GENERAL AVERAGE.
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The sacrifice of one of the interests in a marine venture made to preserve the other interests from a total loss.
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The voluntary destruction of part of the vessel or the cargo, or the deliberate expenditure of funds in time of grave peril, which is successful in avoiding total disaster.

General Damages

Damages awarded to an injured person for intangible loss which cannot be measured directly by rupee. Popularly known as “pain and suffering.” General damages are distinguished from special damages which are awarded from actual economic loss, such as medical costs, loss of income, etc.
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Damages paid for harm for which no specific evidence of financial loss is required because such harm- for example, paid and suffering-is presumed to have occurred from the nature of the event. General Damages usually comprise for (i) Pain suffering and distress (ii) Loss of enjoyment of life and loss of amenities (iii) Loss of recreational ability, and/or (iv) Loss of redacted expectation of life.
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UK,REFERENCE: See: Damages.