Exclusions in the Institute Cargo Clauses and International Hull Clauses warrant the policy free of capture, seizure, etc. Seizure means ‘every act of taking forcible possession, either by lawful authority or by overpowering force’. None of these elements were present when Dominican Republic customs officials stole cars due for transshipment (Bayview Motors Ltd v. Mitsui Fire & Marine Insurance Co. Ltd (2002), 1 Lloyd’s Rep 652).

A mortality table based on selected lives only and not the general population, e.g. lives accepted for insurance.

This occurs when rates of mortality are differentiated by age and duration. Most mortality tables used in life insurance have two or three periods of select mortality.

Life insurance practice of categorising lives as standard, substandard or declined. The object is to guard against anti-selection, as the substandard lives have the greatest incentive to insure, disturbing the mortality balance. Standard lives attract normal terms while sub-standard (i.e. impaired) lives are rated according to their impairment.