(An Act to provide for regulating and developing the profession of Actuaries and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto).

This Act is structured along the lines of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 but is in relation to Air Pollution.

To make better provision for the Control of the manufacture, possession, use, operation, sale, import and export of aircraft.

The Rules extend to the whole of India and apply to aircraft (including persons on board) registered in India wherever they may be and to all aircraft (*including person on board) for the time being in or over India. however, the regulations relating to registration, licensing of personnel, airworthiness and log books provided in the Rules do not apply to foreign aircrafts which the aircraft are registered.

Arbitration Clause under Insurance Policies provides that Clause 7 : If any dispute or difference shall arise as to the quantum to be paid under this Policy (liability being otherwise admitted) such difference shall independently of all other questions be referred to the decision of a sole Arbitrator, to be appointed in Writing by the parties to or, if they cannot agree upon a single Arbitrator within 30 days of any party invoking arbitration, the same shall be referred to a panel of three Arbitrators comprising of two Arbitrators – one to be appointed by each of the parties to the dispute/difference, and the third Arbitrator to be appointed by such two Arbitrators and arbitration shall be conducted under and in accordance with the provisions of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. It is clearly agreed and understood that no difference or dispute shall be referable to arbitration as hereinbefore provided, if the Company has disputed or not accepted liability under or in respect of this Policy.

This Act defines the character of the bill of lading as an evidence of the contract of carriage of goods between the ship owner and the shipper, as an acknowledgement of the receipt of the goods on board the vessel and, as a document of title. The bill of lading is one of the various documents required in connection with settlement of marine cargo claims.

The manufacturing, supply, operation, registration of Boiler in India is governed by this Act. (1) “Accident” means an explosion of boiler, or boiler component, which is calculated to weaken the strength or an uncontrolled release of water or steam there from, liable to cause death or injury to any person or damage to any property;’ (2) “Boiler” means a pressure vessel in which steam is generated for use external to itself by application of heat which is wholly or partly under pressure when steam is shut off but does not include a pressure vessel. Act also provided for an official enquiry to be made into all boiler explosions as also laid down fines to be imposed on all boiler expositions as also laid down fines to be imposed on those responsible for explosions.

The Act gives effect to the provisions of the Warsaw Convention, 1929 and the Hague Protocol, 1955 relating to international carriage of passengers and goods by air. The Act defines the liability of the air carrier for death of or injury to passengers and for loss of or damage to registered luggage and cargo. The provisions of the Act also apply, with some changes, to domestic carriage, that is, carriage within India.

The new Act lays down various rules for both common carrier and for the consignor and/or consignee for the carriage of goods by road.

This Act defines the minimum rights, liabilities and immunities of a ship-owner in respect of loss or damage to cargo carried. Broadly speaking the Act deals with aspects of ship owner’s liabilities towards cargo owners. Broadly the Act deals with three aspects of a ship owner’s liabilities towards cargo owners (a) The circumstances when the ship-owner is deemed to be liable for loss or damage to cargo unless he proves otherwise. (b) The circumstances when the ship-owner is exempted from liability, i.e., when loss or damage is caused by events outside his control, e.g., perils of the sea, and (c) The limits of liability of a ship-owner for loss of or damage to cargo calculated in monetary terms per package or units of cargo.