A method of allocating a claim covered by two or more insurance policies. Each insurer’s liability is calculated independently, and each insurer contributes in proportion to the amount of his liability as determined.
UK Version: When a claim arises, insurers contribute ‘rateably’ to the loss. The independent liability method calculates each insurer’s liability as if the other policy did not exist. The insurers then calculate their contribution to the loss in proportion to their individual liabilities, particularly in liability insurance and non-concurrent policies. Example: The policy of liability insurer A limits liability to £1 million, while the policy of liability insurer B limits liability to £0.5 million. The total loss is £200,000. Each insurer is individually liable for £200,000 and thus contributes £100,000 (50%) to the loss. Insurer B would benefit from the maximum liability (or pro rata) method, which apportions claims in proportion to indemnity limits or sums insured (2:1 in this case), implying that A would pay £100,000 and B would pay £50,000.
A list of additional reinsurance contracts that are initially implemented in accordance with the conditions of a certain reinsurance agreement in order to lessen the loss covered by that specific reinsurance agreement.
These additional “inuring” reinsurances essentially insure the specific reinsurance contract they insure. It is argued that the other reinsurances only benefit the reinsured if they are to be ignored in regards to loss under that specific arrangement.
For instance: A ceding insurer has a per occurrence excess of loss contract (catastrophe reinsurance) for £80 million over £20 million and a 50% quota share agreement. There is a £100 million disaster loss.
In the event that the quota share contract benefits the catastrophe reinsurer, the ceding insurer bears the £20 million catastrophe retention, the catastrophe reinsurer reimburses the ceding insurer to the extent of £30 million, and the quota share reinsurer receives the first £50 million of the £100 million gross loss.
The catastrophe reinsurer would have suffered a loss of £80 million following the ceding insurer’s £20 million retention, and the QS cession would have applied to the remaining £20 million, netting the cedent’s loss to £10 million, had the quota share not inured to the catastrophe reinsurer’s benefit.