An important interference with the environment caused by a modification of the physical, chemical or biological conditions of water, soil and/or air in so far as these are not to be considered to be damage to property or death or physical injury. The authorities seek to make the polluter pay on a strict liability basis for this and other forms of injury and damage.

Employers’ liability policy clause that brings liability for injury to the proprietors of a partnership within the policy. If a partner is injured at work due to the negligence of an employee or another partner, a standard employers’ liability policy will not operate but the clause brings such injury into the policy subject otherwise to its terms and conditions. Consequently the premium is calculated as if all partners were employees, i.e. their earnings must be included in the estimate and declarations relating to wages and salaries.

A theory seeking to trigger a long-tail injury (e.g. asbestosis) only into those losses-occurring liability policies or policy periods during which there was actual occurrence or development of the injury. It ignores exposure to the risk of injury and the manifestation of it. No liability is attached to policies in force during which there was no progression of the injury but the theory is difficult to apply. See TRIPLE TRIGGER THEORY.