Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT)

The fundamental concept behind MPT is that the assets in an investment portfolio should not be selected individually, each on their own merits. Rather, it is important to consider how each asset changes in price, relative to how every other asset in the portfolio changes in price. Investing is a trade-off between risk and expected return. In general, assets with higher expected returns are riskier. For a given amount of risk, MPT describes how to select a portfolio with the highest possible expected return. Or, for a given expected return. MPT explains how to select a portfolio with the lowest possible risk (the targeted expected return cannot be more than the highest returning available security, of course, unless negative holdings of assets are possible. MPT is a form of diversification and explains how to find the best possible diversification strategy.

Modification

Under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), this is a change adopted by the Secretary, through regulation, to a standard or an implementation specification.

Modified

A general term that can be used in many contexts. Generally speaking, this term refers to a premium that has been changed from the normal premium on similar policies.

Modified average-cost method

Under this system of calculating summary measures, the actuarial balance is defined as the difference between the arithmetic means of the annual cost rates and the annual income rates, with an adjustment included to account for the offsets to cost that are due to (1) the starting trust fund balance and (2) interest earned on the trust fund.

Modified coinsurance

Indemnity life reinsurance that differs from coinsurance only in that the reserves are returned to the cedant while the risk remains with the reinsurer the cedant is required to pay interest to replace that which would have been earned by the reinsurer if it had held the assets corresponding to the reserves in its own investment portfolio. Originally devised to permit reserve credit to be taken with respect to a nonadmitted reinsurer, now also used to secure credit and retain control of investments. See Funds withheld, Coinsurance, and Assumption.