1. Knowledge sufficient to understand the nature of a transaction. 2. Official and authentic decision of a court of justice on the respective rights of the parties to an action submitted to it for determination.

Pertaining to the action in a court of law.

In the Medicare program, after payment or denial of an insurance claim and four levels of appeal, this is the fifth level in which the provider may file a civil action to be heard in a U.S. District Court. The amount in controversy must be $1000 or more.