A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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Tob Toi Tok Tom Ton Too Top Tor Tot Tou Tov Tow

Tornado

A rotating column of whirling wind over land, usually accompanied by a funnel shaped downward extension of calumnious cloud and having a vortex several hundred yards in diameter whistling destructively at speeds of upto 300 miles per hour, usually very violent and destructive in a narrow path, often for miles
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UK: A storm of wind of extreme violence. It originates in a funnel-shaped cloud that rotates. The barometric pressure may drop so severely and rapidly that buildings may actually explode from within.

Torrey Canyon Disaster

A major disaster that alerted all countries to the risks and dangers of oil pollution. On 18 March 1967 the Torrey Canyon (a Liberian oil tanker) went aground 24 kilometres north east of the Scilly Isles liberating her cargo of crude oil. On 24 March 1967 there was a 64 kilometre long oil slick with an average width of 16 kilometres off Lands End. The Merchant Shipping (Oil Pollution) Act 1971 was passed in order to make oil pollution insurance compulsory for certain tankers.

Tort

UK: a civil breach of a personal duty owed to one’s fellow citizens in general, as opposed to breach of contract; the injured person has a potential right to damages from the wrongdoer (the tortfeasor).
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US: A civil or private wrong giving rise to legal liability.
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A civil wrong arising out of a breach of some duty which leads to a civil cause of action and for which damages or compensation are recoverable. The Law of Tort imposes a duty on each person to so regulate his actions and behavior as not to cause injury to other persons or damage to their property. The elements of a tort are (i) a legally protected right (ii) the wrongful invasion of that right and (iii) damages as a proximate or direct result of that invasion. There are two basic types of torts. First are those torts, which involve injury to the person and the other are those torts that cause injury to property. The following represent torts that cause injury to the person: Assault : It is unlawfully touching or perpetrating bodily harm to a person by another. Battery : This tort is often used in conjunction with Assault and means the actual physical striking of another. Invasion of Privacy : This occurs when an individual’s privacy is either obstructed or invaded by another party. Defamation of Character : It can occur either through the written word (libel) or the spoken word (standard). False Arrest : This usually takes place when an individual is wrongly accused of a crime. For example a person is arrested for shoplifting but is found innocent. The injured party could file a false arrest action against the retailer. Libel : It is publication, writing or broadcast of false statement in a permanent form designed to damage the reputation of another person.Slander : It is also communication of false information similar to libel but in a verbal form.Of the five torts that involve injury to the person Assault and Battery cannot be insured and are excluded from liabilities policies. The other three can be insured under Personal Injury Liability coverage. The following represent torts that cause injury to property : Trespass : A tort which injures property. However, the act of trespassing must be malicious. An unintentional trespass of another’s property is not considered a serious offense. Conversion : Is taking of property of another as one’s own while knowing it does not belong to you. An individual takes a friend’s wall clock home to repair it and then rather than returning it places the clock on his own wall. The “repairman” has converted the clock to his own use.Tort and Contract, Distinction : Contract is an agreement enforceable at law based upon the consent of the parties thereof. In other words, a contract requires Privity between the parties, whereas in ‘tort’ not such Privity is needed. In ‘tort’ the duty that is broken is imposed by the law applicable to the entire society, whereas in a contract this duty arises out of agreement between the parties and applies to definite person or persons.
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US: A civil wrong, other than a breach of contract, for which a court of law will afford legal relief, i.e. harming another by an act of negligence in driving an auto.
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A wrong for which a civil (as opposed to criminal) action can be brought. Many tort claims arise from negligence.
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MEDICAL, US: Legal wrong committed to an individual or to property that results in injury or damage on which a civil action can be based.
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UK: Wrongful act, apart from breach of contract, that causes damage or harm to others for which compensation or other remedies may be obtained in a civil action. Negligence and nuisance are common torts.

Tort and Crime (Distinction)

A ‘tort’ is breach of private rights of individuals considered as individuals. A ‘crime’ is a breach of public right acting the entire society considered as a society. In ‘tort’ the action is brought by the injured party who is to be compensated by the wrong doer, whereas in crime the prosecution is conducted by the state and the wrongdoer is punished by fine or imprisonment.

Tort and Statutory Law

Liabilities may also arise under statutory law. Statutory law is the law as enacted by the legislature e.g., the Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991, The Motor Vehicles Act, The Employee’s Compensation (Amendment) Act, 2009 etc. Tort, Unintentional : Involving the failure to act or acting not as a reasonably prudent person would have acted under similar circumstances. Tort, Wrongs : for which a business may be held absolutely or strictly responsible. Intent or fault is not an issue under absolute or strict liability. Tort Intentional : Involving conduct that may be by intention or design (but not necessarily with the intention that the resulting consequences should occur)Tortfeasor : Person who commits a tort.

Tort for Liability

A tort is a civil wrong other than breach of a contract for which the court will provide a remedy in the form of an action for money damages: (i) Intentional torts: involving conduct that may be intentional or by design (but not necessarily with the intention that the resulting consequences should occur): (ii) Unintentional torts: involving the failure to act or acting not as a reasonable prudent person would have acted under the similar circumstances, and (iii) Wrongs: for which is business may be held absolutely or strictly responsible, intent or fault is not an issue under absolute or strict liability.