An injured person receives compensation up to a specified amount without having to prove fault (e.g. negligence) against a third party. In the UK certain industrial injury benefits are payable automatically under the social security regardless of fault. In some countries road accident victims secure compensation without having to prove fault but the UK operates a fault liability system in most areas of injury/damage.

Where the risk has not been run by the insurer any premium paid by the insured must be returned to him (Tyre v. Fletcher (1777)).

Oblige an employer to prevent damage to the hearing of workers from ‘noise doses’ above the prescribed level. A risk assessment must be carried out whenever an employee is likely to be exposed to this risk.

Nomination to the trustees by a pension scheme member as to the person to receive any death benefit following his death. The trustees are not obliged to follow the nomination. This is also called ‘expression of wish’ or ‘form of request’ Nominations are also made by policyholders to friendly societies as to the person to be paid in the event of their death. The nomination binds the society up to a specified amount. Most life nominations come under the Married Women’s Property Act 1882.
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Nomination is a facility where in case of death of the policy holder, the funds are given to the nominee whose name is mentioned by the policyholder while enrolling for the policy. The details of the nominee required are his name, age, address and his relationship with the policyholder. This also helps to ensure that there is insurable interest. The nominee can be changed by the policyholder during the term of the policy. For example when a lady is unmarried, she can nominate her parents or siblings. When she gets married, she may retain the original nomination or may change the nomination favoring her spouse.

Liability policy clause prohibiting the insured from compromising or settling any claim or admitting liability without the written consent of the insurer. The clause is not contrary to public policy and the insurer does not have to show that he was prejudiced in order to rely on it.

An annuity under which the payments end with the final payment preceding death. No pro rata amount is paid to cover the period between that payment and the time of death.

Authorised motor insurers and employers’ liability are restricted in their ability to avoid liability under policies covering compulsorily insured liabilities. Where a claim is met solely because of the nonavoidance provisions the insurer has a right of recovery against the insured.

Separate policies covering the same property but where the overlap is not complete as one policy may be specific (insures A) and the other more general (insures A, B and C). If A is damaged contribution may arise subject to the two conditions of average.

A non-consumer sale takes place when the purchaser buys the goods for his business. All businessto-business transactions are non-consumer sales. The seller is permitted to exclude his liability for the implied terms under the Sale of Goods Act 1979, fitness for purpose and satisfactory quality, provided that the exclusion clause passes the test of reasonableness. Compare with consumer sales.

Pension schemes and employee benefit plans when the cost is wholly borne by the employer. The term does not apply to contributory schemes under which contributions are suspended during a contribution holiday.