1. Broken sequence of events. If an insured peril has been preceded by excepted perils, they will be disregarded given the break in the chain of causation. If the insured peril intervenes and causes the loss it is the proximate cause. 2. Unbroken sequence of events. When the insured peril is the natural and probable consequence of an excepted peril, the excepted peril is the proximate cause. When the excepted peril is the natural and probable consequence of the insured peril the latter is the proximate cause of the loss. See CONCURRENT CAUSES.

Means in perfect agreement’, i.e. of the same mind. Contracts are founded upon agreement although the parties will be judged by what they appeared to mean and not what they may have intended to mean.
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Both parties to a contract should agree to the same thing in the same sense. the consent must arise out of common intention. There will be no consensus if either of the parties or both of them are under an erroneous impression as to some circumstances affecting the contract.

The former term for business interruption insurance.
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Insurance against pecuniary loss, other than material damage, resulting from an insured peril.

The party (usually the buyer) named in a bill of lading or waybill, who is entitled to receive cargo that is shipped by the consignor and delivered by the carrier. Under CFR terms the consignee arranges the transit insurance, but under CIF he pays the premium in the price of the goods.
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(a) Person or firm to whom goods are shipped under a bill of lading. (b) The individual or company to whom a seller or shipper sends merchandise and who, upon presentation of necessary documents is recognized as merchandise owner for the purpose of declaring an paying customs duties.

Clause in an open cargo policy providing cover at an agreed premium on goods while in transit to, or while at, a common consolidation point for the purpose of preparing or consolidating the goods for export.

Underwriters/insurance companies working as a group to offer chosen target markets particular forms of business on a group basis, e.g. travel insurance sold through travel agents. Each consortium member taking a preset share of the business accepted by one leading, member named underwriter, on behalf of the consortium. Lloyd’s issued consortium underwriting guidance notes in Regulatory Bulletin 43/99.

Life underwriter’s term describing an impaired life where the additional risk will remain unchanged, i.e. proposer’s medical condition will neither worsen nor improve. See INCREASING EXTRA RISK; REDUCING EXTRA RISK.

CDM Regulations are aimed at improving the overall management and coordination of health and safety throughout all stages of a construction product. They place duties on the client, the designer, the principal contractor and the planner supervisor (a creation of CDM). They also introduce new documents – health and safety plans and the health and safety file. The planning supervisor must notify HSE of projects that will last more than 30 days or more than 500 person days of work.