Prenational provider identifiers such as provider identification numbers (PINs), unique physician identification numbers (UPINs), online survey certification and reporting system numbers (OSCARs), and national supplier clearinghouse numbers (NCSs) for DMERC claims. These were carrier-assigned numbers that every facility, physician, clinic, or organization that rendered services to patients when submitting insurance claims used. These have been replaced with the National Provider Identifiers (NPIs).