An aggregate excess of loss reinsurance that provides protection based on the total claims, from all perils, arising in a class or classes over a period. The Excess Point and the Upper Limit are sometimes expressed as a percentage of cedant’s premium income rather than in monetary terms, e.g. cover might for a claim ratio in excess of 110% up to a limit of 140%. Where this form of reinsurance exists in practice, it is usual for the cedant to be required to retain a proportion of the risk in the reinsured layer called the coinsurance proportion, to avoid any moral hazard. Also, refer “Reinsurance, Aggregate Excess of Loss.”

The settlement of a casualty or workers’ compensation claim involving periodic annuity payments over an extended period of time, rather than in one up-front, lump sum cash payment. There may be certain advantages to a claimant under a structured settlement, including tax treatment of interest under the Internal Revenue Code, that are not present under a lump sum cash settlement. Structured settlements are designed to guard against the early dissipation of settlement proceeds by recipients, who are often minors or those in need of life-time care as a result of their injuries.