Main policies are aviation hull all risks and aviation liability. Other special forms of aviation insurance effected by airlines are: war risks; deductible insurance; unearned premium; mechanical breakdown; loss of use. Airlines also need a full range of non-marine policies covering ground property, vehicles, risks and liabilities related to ground operations. There are standard aviation wordings (see AVNIC) but most airlines have individual ‘manuscript’ wordings devised with brokers to reflect their particular circumstances. Premiums are based on ‘own experience’, regional and global airline experience, type of aircraft, route structure, passenger make-up and individual legal situations.

A large passenger aircraft plying in an airline on scheduled services over regular routes. Travel as a passenger on such aircraft is not normally excluded under personal accident insurance policies.