Convention ruling that hijacking occurs when a person on board an aircraft has unlawfully committed, or is about to commit, by force or threat, an act of interference, seizure or other wrongful exercise of control of an aircraft in flight. The Convention required every ratifying state to introduce domestic legislation to acquire jurisdiction over the offence. The state that apprehends the offender may either extradite him or her or refer the case to its own prosecuting authority. See HIJACKING ACT 1971.

Updated the Warsaw Convention in 1955 by: extending protection to servants and agents sued by passengers dissatisfied with the Convention limits; removing some of the obstacles to claims in regard to matters such as details on tickets; removing the defence of pilot error and negligent navigation. The limit of liability to passengers doubled to 250,000 gold francs. The Protocol was introduced into the UK by the Carriage by Air Act 1961.

Drawn up following Brussels Protocol 1968 to replace the Hague Rules, 1924. They are appended as a Schedule to the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971. The rules have been adopted by several countries to establish a uniform code of carriage of goods by sea shipped under bills of lading.