Revised in 1974, a set of rules, incorporated in contracts affreightment and adopted by leading maritime nations, to govern the methods of applying general average. The 1994 amendment provides that in certain circumstances measures taken to prevent or minimise damage to the environment by pollutants (e.g. oil spills) will be allowed in general average.

A standard excess which imposes an ‘own damage’ excess in respect of certain drivers of cars, commercial vehicles, and motor cycles. An inexperienced driver is a person over 25 year of age, with a provisional licence. A young driver is under 25 years of age.