Sue and labour charges are expenses incurred by the insured or his servants or agents to avert or diminish any loss. Under Common Law an owner of property is expected to take all measures to avoid or minimize his loss, in spite of existence of insurance protection; in other words, he is obliged to “act as if he is uninsured:. These charges are paid as an incentive to the insured to take such measures as to avoid or minimize the loss. The essential features of Sue and Labour Charges are (a) An insured peril must occur. Then only the charges incurred to avoid or minimize the loss are payable (b) The charges must be incurred short of destination i.e., at an intermediate port. (c) The charges must be incurred for the benefit of particular subject matter insured. If incurred for the common adventure, they may be general average expense. (d) The charges must be incurred only by the assured, his factors, his servants or assigns. Thus, salvage charges which paid to third parties are not sue and labour charges.