Insurers are not liable for a loss caused by action prompted by the fear of loss by an insured peril. The insured peril is the remote cause not the proximate cause of the loss. The principle does not absolve insurers from their liability for sue and labour charges, salvage charges or general average contribution when properly incurred to prevent loss from a actual or imminent peril.

The highest CII qualification. The basis of election is the presentation of a portfolio of evidence of the applicant’s abilities, achievements and experience. The starting point is an agreed examination. The starting point is an agreed examination benchmarked against the Advanced Diploma in Insurance or the post-1992 Associateship. The next step involves preparing a Fellowship plan including the applicant’s proposals in terms of timescale and ‘major achievements. The third step is a three-year period of continuous professional development and finally the applicant must complete a business ethics programme in recognition of the possible impact their decisions may have on others. Fellows are eligible for Chartered titles.

The CII’s highest qualification for financial advisers after passing 10 demanding examination papers.

Mortality rates, more favourable to women than men, enable life insurers to offer lower rates for life cover than those charged for men. Typically, insurers will deduct four years from their tabular rates (based on male lives) to find the rate for a female life.

Regulation 11 of PUWER places an absolute duty on the employer to prevent contact between people and dangerous machine parts by either preventing access or stopping the movement of the part. The following hierarchy of control must be followed ‘so far as is reasonably practicable’: fixed guards; other guards or protection devices; protection appliances (e.g. push sticks); information, instruction, training and supervision. This is to prevent or control exposure to mechanical hazards. Exposure to other hazards (e.g. scalds and burns, falling or ejection of articles) must also be prevented or controlled. Equipment should have clearly marked starting and stopping controls. Suitable means of isolation from sources of energy are also required. Equipment must be stable to prevent collapse or overturning and suitable lighting must provided.